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 \u5bf9\u6807\u65b0\u578b\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u914d\u5957\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u5e38\u4f4f\u4eba\u53e3\u53d8\u5316\u76f8\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u670d\u52a1\u4f9b\u7ed9\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6309\u5b9e\u9645\u670d\u52a1\u4eba\u53e3\u89c4\u6a21\u914d\u7f6e\u6559\u80b2\u8d44\u6e90 \u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u975e\u519c\u4e1a\u7559\u5b88\u513f\u7ae5\u96c6\u4e2d\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u6309\u9700\u65b0\u5efa\u6539\u6269\u5efa\u516c\u529e\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u4e13\u9879\u5212\u62e8\u8d22\u653f\u8d44\u91d1\u8865\u5145\u5e08\u8d44\u5b66\u4f4d\u7f3a\u53e3\uff0c\u7a33\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u516c\u529e\u5b66\u4f4d\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6bd4\u4f8b \u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u653f\u5e9c\u8d2d\u4e70\u670d\u52a1\u65b9\u5f0f\u6269\u5145\u6c11\u529e\u666e\u60e0\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b8c\u5584\u6c11\u529e\u5b66\u6821\u8865\u52a9\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u968f\u8fc1\u5b50\u5973\u5728\u516c\u529e\u6216\u666e\u60e0\u6c11\u529e\u5b66\u6821\u5747\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u4f18\u8d28\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u63a8\u52a8\u6559\u80b2\u7ecf\u8d39\u201c\u968f\u5b66\u751f\u6d41\u52a8\u53ef\u643a\u5e26\u201d\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u62c5\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6fc0\u52b1\u6d41\u5165\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u6559\u80b2\u6295\u5165\uff0c\u7f13\u89e3\u8d44\u6e90\u4f9b\u7ed9\u538b\u529b \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \uff08\u56db\uff09\u5065\u5168\u515c\u5e95\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u5168\u94fe\u6761\u5173\u7231\u670d\u52a1<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u6253\u901a\u5c0f\u5b66\u81f3\u521d\u4e2d\u5f02\u5730\u65e0\u7f1d\u5347\u5b66\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5168\u56fd\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5b66\u7c4d\u52a8\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u968f\u8fc1\u5b50\u5973\u5b66\u7c4d\u8de8\u533a\u57df\u987a\u7545\u6d41\u8f6c \u3002\u6478\u6392\u5efa\u6863\u975e\u519c\u4e1a\u7559\u5b88\u9002\u9f84\u513f\u7ae5\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4fe1\u606f\u53f0\u8d26\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u638c\u63e1\u5176\u5165\u5b66\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u72b6\u51b5 \u3002\u540c\u6b65\u914d\u5957\u5fc3\u7406\u5e2e\u6276\u3001\u5b66\u4e1a\u8f85\u5bfc\u4e13\u9879\u5173\u7231\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4f9d\u6258\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u793e\u533a\u8bbe\u7acb\u5173\u7231\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\uff0c\u914d\u5907\u4e13\u4e1a\u5fc3\u7406\u6559\u5e08\u4e0e\u8f85\u5bfc\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u513f\u7ae5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b64\u72ec\u3001\u5b66\u4e1a\u843d\u540e\u7b49\u95ee\u9898 \u3002\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bb6\u6821\u8054\u52a8\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc\u52a1\u5de5\u7236\u6bcd\u5c65\u884c\u76d1\u62a4\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8054\u52a8\u6d41\u51fa\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5b8c\u5584\u7559\u5b88\u513f\u7ae5\u8fd4\u4e61\u5c31\u8bfb\u4fdd\u969c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u201c\u6d41\u5165\u5730\u4fdd\u969c\u3001\u6d41\u51fa\u5730\u534f\u540c\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7231\u683c\u5c40 \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \uff08\u4e94\uff09\u5b8c\u5584\u914d\u5957\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u592f\u5b9e\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0e\u6218\u7565\u6839\u57fa<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u5b8c\u5584\u968f\u8fc1\u5b50\u5973\u4e2d\u8003\u3001\u9ad8\u8003\u914d\u5957\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6253\u7834\u5f02\u5730\u5347\u5b66\u5730\u57df\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u975e\u519c\u4e1a\u7559\u5b88\u513f\u7ae5\u5728\u6d41\u5165\u5730\u5e73\u7b49\u53c2\u52a0\u5347\u5b66\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u6743\u5229 \u3002\u4f18\u5316\u6d41\u52a8\u4eba\u53e3\u5c31\u4e1a\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u804c\u4e1a\u6280\u80fd\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u62d3\u5bbd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u52a1\u5de5\u5bb6\u5ead\u6536\u5165\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u5176\u5b50\u5973\u6559\u80b2\u652f\u4ed8\u80fd\u529b \u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u975e\u519c\u4e1a\u7559\u5b88\u513f\u7ae5\u6559\u80b2\u4fdd\u969c\u7eb3\u5165\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u6cbb\u7406\u8003\u6838\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u4f53\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u6cbb\u7406\u7406\u5ff5\u4ece\u201c\u4eba\u53e3\u7ba1\u63a7\u201d\u5411\u201c\u670d\u52a1\u4fdd\u969c\u201d\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u653f\u7b56\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u6d41\u52a8\u4eba\u53e3\u5b9a\u5c45\u610f\u613f\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u57ce\u5e02\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4f9b\u7ed9\uff0c\u4e3a\u5f81\u5175\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0e\u56fd\u9632\u540e\u5907\u529b\u91cf\u5efa\u8bbe\u63d0\u4f9b\u575a\u5b9e\u4eba\u624d\u652f\u6491 \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e94\u3001\u7ed3\u8bed<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u975e\u519c\u4e1a\u7559\u5b88\u513f\u7ae5\u5165\u5b66\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u4f9b\u9700\u5931\u8861\u7684\u5177\u8c61\u6c11\u751f\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6cbb\u7406\u7406\u5ff5\u504f\u5dee\u4e0e\u5236\u5ea6\u6267\u884c\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u53cd\u6620\u3002\u5176\u56f0\u5883\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5173\u4e4e\u4e07\u5343\u52a1\u5de5\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u5b89\u5eb7\uff0c\u66f4\u5173\u8054\u6559\u80b2\u516c\u5e73\u5e95\u7ebf\u5b88\u62a4\u3001\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u8d28\u91cf\u63d0\u5347\u53ca\u56fd\u9632\u5efa\u8bbe\u957f\u8fdc\u53d1\u5c55 \u3002\u5c5e\u5730\u552f\u6709\u4e25\u5b88\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5e95\u7ebf\uff0c\u5bf9\u6807\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ea7\u6c11\u751f\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u7834\u9664\u6237\u7c4d\u9690\u5f62\u58c1\u5792\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u5747\u8861\u8c03\u914d\u6559\u80b2\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u7cbe\u7b80\u4fbf\u6c11\u6838\u9a8c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u5065\u5168\u5168\u94fe\u6761\u5173\u7231\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5f7b\u5e95\u7834\u89e3\u5f02\u5730\u5347\u5b66\u5835\u70b9\uff0c\u5b88\u62a4\u975e\u519c\u4e1a\u7559\u5b88\u513f\u7ae5\u5e73\u7b49\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u601d\u7ef4\u63a8\u8fdb\u653f\u7b56\u534f\u540c\uff0c\u5c06\u975e\u519c\u4e1a\u7559\u5b88\u513f\u7ae5\u6559\u80b2\u4fdd\u969c\u4e0e\u6d41\u52a8\u4eba\u53e3\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u6cbb\u7406\u3001\u56fd\u9632\u5efa\u8bbe\u76f8\u8854\u63a5\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u591a\u65b9\u8054\u52a8\u3001\u534f\u540c\u53d1\u529b\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u683c\u5c40\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5236\u5ea6\u521b\u65b0\u4e0e\u653f\u7b56\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u8ba9\u975e\u519c\u4e1a\u7559\u5b88\u513f\u7ae5\u5171\u4eab\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u7ea2\u5229\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6559\u80b2\u8d77\u70b9\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u516c\u5e73\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u4e3a\u7b51\u7262\u57fa\u5c42\u793e\u4f1a\u7a33\u5b9a\u6839\u57fa\u3001\u63a8\u52a8\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u592f\u5b9e\u56fd\u9632\u5efa\u8bbe\u4eba\u624d\u57fa\u7840\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u529b\u652f\u6491\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff08GB\/T 7714-2015 \u89c4\u8303\u6392\u7248\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1] \u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u5e38\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a. \u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5[Z]. 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2] \u56fd\u52a1\u9662. \u5173\u4e8e\u7edf\u7b79\u63a8\u8fdb\u53bf\u57df\u5185\u57ce\u4e61\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u6539\u9769\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u610f\u89c1\uff1a\u56fd\u53d1\u30142016\u301540\u53f7[Z]. 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3] \u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u529e\u516c\u5385, \u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u529e\u516c\u5385. \u5173\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u4f18\u8d28\u5747\u8861\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u610f\u89c1[Z]. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4] \u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u529e\u516c\u5385. \u5173\u4e8e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u505a\u597d\u666e\u901a\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b66\u62db\u751f\u5165\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u901a\u77e5[Z]. 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5] \u738b\u8339, \u80e1\u7ade\u5c39. \u968f\u8fc1\u8fd8\u662f\u7559\u5b88\uff1a\u5f02\u5730\u5165\u5b66\u95e8\u69db\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u6d41\u52a8\u4eba\u53e3\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u5f71\u54cd[J]. \u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66(\u5b63\u520a), 2023(6): 2101-2124.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6] \u9648\u5a9b\u5a9b, \u5085\u4f1f. \u7279\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u4eba\u53e3\u8c03\u63a7\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u5165\u5b66\u95e8\u69db\u4e0e\u513f\u7ae5\u7559\u5b88[J]. \u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66(\u5b63\u520a), 2023(1): 123-146.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7] \u5168\u56fd\u5987\u8054\u8bfe\u9898\u7ec4. \u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u7559\u5b88\u513f\u7ae5\u3001\u57ce\u4e61\u6d41\u52a8\u513f\u7ae5\u72b6\u51b5\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a[R]. \u5317\u4eac: \u5168\u56fd\u5987\u8054, 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8] \u56fd\u5bb6\u7edf\u8ba1\u5c40, \u8054\u5408\u56fd\u513f\u7ae5\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a. 2020\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u513f\u7ae5\u4eba\u53e3\u72b6\u51b5\uff1a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0e\u6570\u636e[R]. \u5317\u4eac: \u56fd\u5bb6\u7edf\u8ba1\u5c40, 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9] \u6c11\u653f\u90e8\u7b49. \u5173\u4e8e\u5370\u53d1\u300a\u52a0\u5f3a\u6d41\u52a8\u513f\u7ae5\u5173\u7231\u4fdd\u62a4\u884c\u52a8\u65b9\u6848\u300b\u7684\u901a\u77e5\uff1a\u6c11\u53d1\u30142024\u301535\u53f7[Z]. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10] \u5f20\u660e\u6602, \u5218\u4e9a\u536b, \u8096\u9e4f. \u6559\u80b2\u7ecf\u8d39\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u6d41\u5165\u5730\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4e0e\u513f\u7ae5\u968f\u8fc1\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u4e8e\u57ce\u5e02\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2\u7ecf\u8d39\u4fdd\u969c\u673a\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u7814\u7a76[J]. \u7ecf\u6d4e\u7814\u7a76, 2025, 60(09): 239-260.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11] \u6c6a\u536b\u5e73. \u57ce\u5e02\u5916\u6765\u968f\u8fc1\u5b50\u5973\u63a5\u53d7\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2\u51c6\u5165\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6f14\u53d8(1978~2016)[J]. \u4e0a\u6d77\u6559\u80b2\u79d1\u7814, 2017(9): 74-79.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5468\u7389\u6625\uff0c\u519b\u5730\u4e8b\u4e1a\u63a8\u52a8\u8005\u3002\u73b0\u4efb\u519b\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u5fc3\u603b\u5e73\u53f0\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11\u670d\u52a1\u603b\u5e73\u53f0\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u300a\u519b\u5730\u00b7\u667a\u5e93\u300b\u5185\u53c2\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u517c\u4efb\u5065\u5eb7\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e07\u91cc\u884c\u7ec4\u59d4\u4f1a\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7b49\u804c\u52a1\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u59cb\u7ec8\u575a\u6301\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3a\u5df1\u4efb\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u52a8\u519b\u6c11\u534f\u540c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u521b\u65b0\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u6784\u5efa\u8d77\u201c\u667a\u5e93\u5f15\u9886\u2014\u5b9e\u6218\u8d4b\u80fd\u2014\u6587\u5316\u6d78\u6da6\u201d\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u5e94\u6025\u4f53\u7cfb\u5efa\u8bbe\u3001\u56fd\u9632\u6559\u80b2\u63a8\u5e7f\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u53d6\u5f97\u7cfb\u5217\u6210\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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